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Coal moving across three vibrating screens.

1. Double-Deck Vibrating Screens

'It is any wonder White Oak is said to be the best prepared domestic coal marketed from W. VA., when you look at this picture of White egg coal taken as it is being loaded inot a a railroad car? Perfectly sized; perfectly screened and quality unsurpassed. No wonder it is the most popular sized coal sold in the domestic market.'

2. Loading Perfectly Sized White Egg Coal

'The size and design of the shaker screens now in use at the White Oak mines are the best that an experience of twenty years in preparing Smokeless Coal has found to be the best and yield a satisfactory screened and sized coal. A screen must first be of ample size to take care of the amount of tonnage passing over it, because of crowding and overloading a screen results in poorly screened and poorly sized coal. The screen shown in this picture is handling 400 tons per hour and still has ample screening space to spare. The flow of coal over these White Oak shaker screens is controlled by a feeder which cannot be become stopped up by coal sticking in the slots because the slots are wider at the base than at the top and are therefore self clearing. The lips keep the coal turning over and over so it is impossible for slack to ride over on the larger pieces. The coal never falls; it is always sliding while being screened which helps prevent breakage. Note the uniform size and firm character of the lump coal which has passed over the egg screen shown in this picture.'

3. Shaker Screens

A miner standing near a raw coal conveyor belt.

4. Raw Coal Conveyor Belt

Coal loading into a wash tub.

5. Washing Coal with the Chance Cone System, Williams Preparation Plant, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

6. Deister Table Cleaning Slack Coal, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

'One of the places where the automatic sampler with its grinding mill operates.'

7. Williams Preparation Plant, Consolidation Coal Company

Coal is coming down a conveyor belt to be processed.

8. Coal On Conveyor

Coal in a plant in a chute for processing.

9. Processing Coal

Coal travels across the Main Shaker Screen.

10. Screening Coal, Main Shaker Screen, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

Head and drive belt conveyor with braking mechanism is ready to be used.

11. Head End Drive and Belt Conveyor with Braking Mechanism, Jamison No. 9 Mine

Coal is moving along a slope conveyor belt.

12. Slope Conveyor Belt at Williams Preparation Plant

5 x 3/8 inch raw coal flowing into the chance cone system.

13. Washing Coal with the Chance Cone System, Williams Preparation Plant, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

5 x 3/8 inch raw coal is flowing into a chance cone system

14. Washing Coal with the Chance Cone System, Williams Preparation Plant, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

15. Slung Feed Arrangement to Disc Type Vacuum Filter

16. Coal Being Dumped During Processing

Equipment used to de-water coal.

17. Cyclone Thickeners

18. Disc Type Vacuum Filter

19. Disc Type Fine Coal Vacuum Separator

20. Head End, Drag Chain Distributor

21. Coal Distributor for a Bin at Jamison No. 9

Possibly cleaning slack coal.

22. Deister Cleaning Table

23. Coal Bin Discharge Mechanism

24. Coal Distributor

25. High Intensity Screens

26. Head of Raw Coal Belt Conveyor with Magnetic Separator

'Coal at all White Oak shaft mines is handled on self dumping cages, which handle coal uniformly and with a minimum of breakage. Note how evenly the coal is flowing from the mine car. Much more rapid course than the picture indicates, but it shows how well designed the equipment must be to handle the coal in such a splendid manner.'

27. Coal in Self Dumping Cage

'All sizes of 'White' prepared coal is loaded into railroad cars with loading booms to minimize breakage and preserve the best appearance of the coal. It would be useless to carefully mine and screen our coal if we did not use proper care in loading it into the railroad cars. These booms lower to the bottom of the car when it is first placed under the tipple for loading, and raised from time to time as the car fills up. Note how perfectly screened this lump coal appears on the boom! Not a sign of slack to be seen. Treated for dust if desired.'

28. Coal on Conveyor

'The sheltered construction of the processing equipment makes it difficult to photograph the coal in flow through the circuits, but this is a flash of the raw coal feed pouring into the 16.5 foot Chance cone. In this cone-shaped vessel, a mixture of sand and water is kept at a controlled gravity by agitation and by control of the proportions. This gravity is set to separate the clean coal from the refuse. The lighter coal is floated on top of the mix and guided to a discharge to continue its processing, which includes desanding, scrubbing, sizing, and moisture removal. The heavier refuse meanwhile sinks to the bottom and is passed to the refuse disposal system. This large cone has a capacity of 500 tons per hour.'

29. Chance Cone Feeding Coal

30. Loading Ramp to Cement Floor

Used to improve coal quality by reducing the ash.

31. Jeffrey Baum Jig at Jamison No. 9

32. Flat Bed with Water, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

33. Washing Coal with the Chance Cone System, Williams Preparation Plant, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

34. Loading Minus 5 Inch Coal at Williams Preparation Plant

35. Welder at Work Above a Loading Boom in a Preparation Plant

36. Coal Conveyors in Action at Arkwright

37. Coal Being Processed at Champion Cleaning Plant

'This enclosed raw coal conveyor belt starts the coal on its journey through the Georgetown Preparation Belt. The belt is 641 feet long and moves at a speed of just above 10 miles per hour. The coal is taken to the top of the plant, where it is given a preliminary sorting by size and then sent through one of the three cleaning circuits incorporated in the preparation system.'

38. Raw Coal Conveyor Belt at Georgetown Preparation Plant

Coal moves across the main shaker screen.

39. Main Shaker Screen and Step Plate

40. Double Deck Vibrating Screens, Making Two Sizes of Stoker Coal

Coal traveling down a conveyors into bins.

41. Coal Being Processed

Coal traveling down a conveyor for processing.

42. Stoker Coal at Williams Preparation Plant

Coal filling a bin.

43. Coal Loading in Process

'All sizes of 'White Oak' prepared coal are loaded into railroad cars with loading booms to minimize breakage and preserve the best appearance of the coal. It would be useless to carefully mine and screen our coal if we did not use proper care in loading it into the railroad cars. These booms lower to the bottom of the car when it is first placed under the tipple for loading, and raised from time to time as the car fills up. Note how perfectly screened this lump coal appears on the boom! Not a sign of slack to be seen. Treated for dust if desired.'

44. Lump Coal Being Loaded onto Railroad Cars

'The size and design of the shaker screens now in use at the White Oak mines are the best that an experience of twenty years in preparing Smokeless Coal has found to be the best and yield a satisfactory screened and sized coal. A screen must first be of ample size to take care of the amount of tonnage passing over it, because crowding and overloading a screen results in poorly screened and poorly sized coal. The screen shown in this picture is handling 400 tons per hour and still has ample screening space to spare. The flow of coal over these big 'White Oak' shaker screens is controlled by a feeder which cannot be tampered with; therefore, the screen cannot be overloaded. Note the 'lip' type of slotted screen plate used. It cannot become stopped up by coal sticking in the slots because the slots are wider at the base than at the top and are there fore self clearing. The 'lips' keep the coal turning over and over so it is impossible for slack to ride over on the larger pieces. The coal never falls; it is always sliding while being screened which helps prevent breakage. Note the uniform size and firm character of the lump coal which has passed over the egg screen shown in this picture.'

45. Screening and Sizing

'Shown here are the loading booms in action. Each of the five loading tracks is served by a loading boom, and the loading system is interconnected so as to permit blending of sizes and loading of any size group on any track. The loading booms gently lower the coal into the cars with a minimum of opportunity for dust or degradation. The loading facilities are sufficient to permit the loading of a car every two minutes. The adjoining track system permits rapid assembly of trains, interchange between the two railraods, and sufficient trackage for the storage of 858 railroad cars of 70 ton capacity.'

46. Loading Booms in Action

Coal traveling on conveyors. Credit Must Be Given. Not to be reproduced without written license from William Vandivert.

47. Coal Being Processed

Coal on a conveyor.

48. Oil Treatment, Stoker Coal