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Miner riding on tram with one car spraying something onto the land around the tram. Kanawha County Geological Survey.

1. Winifrede Coal Seam, Kanawha County, W. Va.

Two miners standing next to drilling machine.

2. Miners Operating a Drilling Machine at Consolidation Coal Mine No. 32

Two miners operate a cutting machine. 'Credit must be given to Willaim Vandivert, 21 East Tenth St., New York 3, N.Y., Not to be reproduced without written liscense.'

3. Cutting Machine in Operation

A very large cutting machine being operated by a miner. 'Credit must be given to William Vandivert, Not to be reproduced without written liscense.

4. Cutting Machine in Operation at Mine No. 32

Three miners hard at work as coal comes down a conveyor.  Copyright Photo by William Vandivert, 21 East Tenth Street, New York 3, N. Y.

5. Mining Coal

Two miners working to support the roof in the Itmann Coal Co. mine. <br /><br />

6. Miners at Work in an Itmann Coal Company Mine

Two miners work with a cutting machine at Pursglove No. 15.

7. Miners Operating a Cutting Machine at Pursglove No. 15

Miner in the process of placing charges into the coal seam at Bishop Mine.

8. Placing Charges, Bishop Mine

Miner works with cutting machine at Jamison No. 9 mine.

9. Cutting Machine at Jamison No. 9

Miners at work. 'Mountaineer Coal Co., Division of Consolidation Coal Co.'

10. Miners Working with Loading Machine

Two dogs harnessed to coal carts. About 1890, Ohio Coal Mine. This photograph is the property of Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Co.

11. Dogs in Harness, Ohio Coal Mine

'This very coarse lumpy mine run coal is the result of proper shooting. The miner is paid on a tonnage basis for loading this coal into mine cars. He is required to watch his coal carefully as he loads it and see that no impurities become mixed with the coal.'

12. Miner Prepares to Load Coal After Shooting

Miner operating a loading machine outside of a mine.

13. Loading Machine at MacAlpin Coal Company

Miners drill two or more holes into coal to place the explosive charges.

14. Drilling Prior to Setting Explosives

Miner running a continuous mining machine.

15. Continuous Mining Machine

Two miners work with a machine to undercut coal.

16. Miners Undercutting Coal with Machine

Cutting machine in operation at the Pocahontas Exhibition mine, Pocahontas Va. on the Norfolk and Western Railway. 'Permission is granted to reproduce this photograph only on condition that all reproduction shall bear the following credit line: Photograph by Norfolk and Western Railway.'

17. Cutting Machine in Operation at the Pocahontas Exhibition Mine, Pocahontas, Va.

Miner putting bolts into the roof of a mine for support.

18. Miner Roof Bolting

Miner using a 11 BU loading machine at Jamison No. 9. Stonega Coke and Coal.

19. Miner Operating a Loading Machine at Jamison No. 9

Miner putting bolts into the roof of a mine for support.

20. Miner Roof Bolting

'White Oak preparation begins when the machine leaves and the miner is ready to shoot down his coal. The shooting inspector on the left has not only located the hole for the miner to drill, but instructed him as to what angle he must bore his hole to contain the necessary explosive used in dislodging the coal from the seam. The kerf made by the cutting machine is plaining visible in this picture and you will note the cuttings of bug dust have been removed before the coal is shot. The length of the auger used by the miner and the width of the bit which determines the size of the hole bored, is also carefully regulated.'

21. Miners Preparing to Shoot Down White Oak Coal

'All White Oak mines are electrically equipped and of course this mining machine is operated by electricity. The machine is mounted and transported on a specially designed truck and moves under its own power from one working place to another. It is taken from the truck by the machine operator and his helper and moved to the place of the coal and place in cutting position as you see it in this picture. The machine consists of an endless chain with 'bits' inserted, which act as cutters. The machine cuts a 'kerf' or hole along the bottom of the coal about 4 inches high and extending back six feet under the coal. The fine coal made by this machine is what is commonly known as 'bug dust.' Cutting machines are operated at night and each machine is capable of cutting twenty places on each shift. These machines are operated on tonnage basis and these operators earn high wages.'

22. Mining Operating a Cutting Machine

23. Miners Testing for Gas in a Coal MIne

Two miners work on filling up a coal tram car. John Williams, Coal Life Project.

24. Miners at Work